Which three factors contribute to increased root caries risk with aging?

Which three factors contribute to increased root caries risk with aging?

• A. Gingival recession, xerostomia, and lack of oral care
• B. Increased fluoride intake, better brushing, regular dental visits
• C. Genetic factors, age alone, and diet
• D. Oral cancer, implants, and periodontal health

Answer: (A)

As people age, root caries risk rises mainly when the mouth becomes less able to defend and clean itself, and more tooth surface becomes exposed to acids. Gingival recession exposes root surfaces, and cementum on roots is softer and less resistant to acid than enamel, making root lesions easier to start. Xerostomia, or dry mouth, lowers saliva production, which normally buffers acids, washes away food particles, and provides minerals to remineralize teeth; with less saliva, acids stay longer and demineralization accelerates. Inadequate daily oral care allows plaque to build up on these exposed roots, supplying cariogenic bacteria and nutrients that promote decay. Together, these factors—root exposure, reduced saliva, and poor hygiene—best explain why aging increases root caries risk.

As people age, root caries risk rises mainly when the mouth becomes less able to defend and clean itself, and more tooth surface becomes exposed to acids. Gingival recession exposes root surfaces, and cementum on roots is softer and less resistant to acid than enamel, making root lesions easier to start. Xerostomia, or dry mouth, lowers saliva production, which normally buffers acids, washes away food particles, and provides minerals to remineralize teeth; with less saliva, acids stay longer and demineralization accelerates. Inadequate daily oral care allows plaque to build up on these exposed roots, supplying cariogenic bacteria and nutrients that promote decay. Together, these factors—root exposure, reduced saliva, and poor hygiene—best explain why aging increases root caries risk.